Position(s)
Science deals with measurable events. Anything non-measurable is non-testable and outside the scope of Science. Scientists might favor some of these non-measurable claims, like believing in ghosts or gods, because they are people, and people are complicated. However Science should be neutral towards these claims. Some accept Naturalism, the philosophical position that states anything non-measurable does not exist -- leading, for example, to Atheism and to several skeptical philosophies --, but that in itself is not a scientific position.
Religion is not necessarily opposite to Science. Sometimes a religion claims something that is testable and there is evidence for and against it (including moral claims), but other religious claims are outside measurement and, thus, outside scientific analysis. What's opposite are the processes of Faith and the Scientific Method, which approaches to evidence are completely in contrast.
On the other hand, pseudo-sciences, like Homeopathy or Flat-Earth theories, make fact-based claims that are subject to scientific analysis (and were tested, and refuted repeatedly). Every social relevant position relating to facts can, and must, be validated by Science. People should have the liberty to select their personal beliefs, but facts are socially shared and are only up to debate under the scrutiny of the Scientific Method.
Religion is not necessarily opposite to Science. Sometimes a religion claims something that is testable and there is evidence for and against it (including moral claims), but other religious claims are outside measurement and, thus, outside scientific analysis. What's opposite are the processes of Faith and the Scientific Method, which approaches to evidence are completely in contrast.
On the other hand, pseudo-sciences, like Homeopathy or Flat-Earth theories, make fact-based claims that are subject to scientific analysis (and were tested, and refuted repeatedly). Every social relevant position relating to facts can, and must, be validated by Science. People should have the liberty to select their personal beliefs, but facts are socially shared and are only up to debate under the scrutiny of the Scientific Method.
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